YSAYE, EUGENE  BIOGRAPHY

The Belgian violinist Eugene-Auguste Ysaÿe was among the leading virtuosi of his day, inspiring admiration rather than jealous rivalry from other great contemporary performers. Born in Lige in 1858, he was taught by his father, Nicolas-Joseph Isaye, a violinist and opera conductor, and entered the Lige Conservatoire in 1865, studying there with D. Heynberg. At the death of his mother in 1868 and after disagreement with his teacher, he left, accompanying his father on concert tours and playing in the orchestras the latter conducted. In 1872 he returned to Lige to study with Rodolphe and Lon Massart, completing his training there with distinction in 1874. He continued his studies with Wienawski in Brussels and later, from 1876 to 1879, with Vieuxtemps in Paris.

After leaving Paris, Ysaÿe took a position as leader of the Bilse orchestra in Berlin, where he continued until 1882. The period brought concert tours through Scandinavia and Russia with Anton Rubinstein, a collaboration that he found helped his own musical development. In 1883 he returned to Paris, associating there with leading composers, including Csar Franck and Camille Saint-Sans, and, from the younger generation, Ernest Chausson, Gabriel Faur, Vincent dIndy and Claude Debussy, exercising an important influence on French violin music of the time. Francks Violin Sonata was dedicated to him as a wedding present, and Ysaÿe gave the first performances in Brussels in 1886, and then in Paris. Other dedications included Chaussons Pome and Violin Concerto and Debussys String Quartet. Pire li houeu (Peter the Miner) was staged in Lige and then in Brussels. His health allowed him to attend the second of these, three weeks before his death on 12th May 1931.

Ysaÿe had considerable influence on the development of violin-playing after Wienawski and Vieuxtemps, and there are many reminiscences of his playing and teaching. Yehudi Menuhin recalls a visit to Brussels to see Ysaÿe, the mentor of his own teacher, Louis Persinger, when he was, quite rightly, told to practise scales and arpeggios, advice that other great teachers have been heard to give. Joseph Szigeti recalled Ysaÿes fathers early prohibition of premature use of vibrato, finding here the reason for Ysaÿes own disciplined use of this technique, while Carl Flesch declared Ysaÿes influence the most vital and continuing. In 1937 the Eugne Ysaÿe International Competition was established, an event that later became the Queen Elisabeth of Belgium Competition. As a composer Ysaÿe lacked formal training but wrote a number of works for violin and orchestra, orchestral compositions and chamber music.