COUPERIN, FRANCOIS  

François Couperin, known as le grand to distinguish him from an uncle of the same name, was the most distinguished of a numerous family of French musicians, officially succeeding his uncle and father as organist of the Paris church of St. Gervais when he was eighteen. He enjoyed royal patronage under Louis XIV and in 1693 was appointed royal organist and belatedly royal harpsichordist. As a keyboard-player and composer he was pre-eminent in France at the height of his career. He died in Paris in 1733.

Church Music

Couperin composed church music for the royal chapel under Louis XIV. The surviving Leçons de ténèbres are possibly the best example of this form of composition, the first of the three for soprano solo and continuo and the third for two sopranos, settings of the Lamentations of Jeremiah for the Holy Week liturgy.

Chamber Music

Couperin's chamber music includes L'apothéose de Lully (The Apotheosis of Lully), a tribute to the leading composer in France in the second half of the 17th century Jean-Baptiste Lully, a tribute to the Italian composer Corelli, L'apothéose de Corelli, part of a larger collection of ensemble pieces under the title Les goûts réunis (Tastes United), an exploration of the rival French and Italian tastes in music, a quarrel in which Couperin remained neutral. The Concerts royaux represent another important element in Couperin's music for instrumental ensemble.

Harpsichord Music

Couperin's compositions for the harpsichord occupy a very important position in French music. In 27 suites for the harpsichord, most of them published between 1713 and 1730, Couperin offered a series of harpsichord pieces, many of them descriptive in one way or another. These richly varied suites or "ordres" represent the height of Couperin's achievement as a composer and arguably that of the French harpsichord composers.