- Jacques Offenbach. Opéra fantastique in five acts. 1880.
- Libretto by Jules Barbier, after the play by Barbier and Michel Carré, based on stories by E. T. A. Hoffmann.
- First performance by the Paris Opéra-Comique at the Salle Favart on 10th February 1881.
CHARACTERS
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| Hoffmann, a poet | tenor |
| The Muse | soprano |
| Nicklausse, Hoffmann's friend | mezzo-soprano |
| Lindorf, a councillor of Nuremberg | bass-baritone |
| Stella, a prima donna | soprano |
| Andrès, her servant | tenor |
| Luther, an innkeeper | baritone |
| Spalanzini, an inventor | tenor |
| Cochenille, his servant | tenor |
| Olympia, a doll | soprano |
| Coppélius, Spanzini's rival | baritone |
| Antonia, a singer | soprano |
| Crespel, her father, a violin- maker | baritone |
| Frantz, his servant | tenor |
| Dr Miracle, a doctor | baritone |
| Voice of Antonia's mother | mezzo-soprano |
| Giulietta, a courtesan | soprano |
| Schlemil, her lover | bass |
| Dapertutto, a magician | baritone |
| Pitichinaccio, Giulietta's servant | tenor |
| Crespel |
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The Tales of Hoffmann takes a series of separate stories, linked by the presence of the poet
himself, with his companion Nicklausse. In the first act, which serves as a prologue, Hoffmann's
muse takes the form of his student friend Nicklausse. In Luther's tavern in Nuremberg, Hoffmann
sees his rival Councillor Lindorf with his beloved Stella, enjoying apparent success. He tells the
assembled students the story of Klein Zach and then agrees to tell them more. The second act deals
with Hoffmann's love for the doll Olympia, the invention of Spalanzini, frustrated by Coppélius,
who claims part of the profits from Spalanzini's invention, for his contribution of eyes. He is
fobbed off with a worthless cheque and returns to break the doll, leaving Hoffmann to lament his
folly, brought about through the magic spectacles that Coppélius had provided. Hoffmann now falls
in love with the singer Antonia, daughter of the violin-maker Crespel. Here he is frustrated by Dr
Miracle, who induces Antonia to sing, an activity which brings about her death from the lung
complaint from which she suffers. In Venice Hoffmann is attracted by the courtesan Giulietta. The
magician Dapertutto urges her to seize Hoffmann's reflection for him. In a duel Hoffmann kills his
rival, Giulietta's former lover Schlemil, only to find his beloved in the arms of her servant
Pitichinaccio. In a final act set in Luther's tavern again, Hoffmann rejects Stella, who leaves with
Councillor Lindorf, while his muse returns, urging him to further literary effort.
Offenbach achieved something of his more serious ambition in The Tales of Hoffmann . In
performance the bewilderingly large number of characters is reduced by allowing the same singer to
take the parts of those who serve to frustrate Hoffmann, Lindorf, Coppélius, Dr Miracle and
Dapertutto. The same tenor may take the character parts of the servants Cochenille, Frantz and
Pitichinaccio, while in some productions the four soprano rôles, Stella, Olympia, Antonia and
Giulietta may be taken by one singer. In instrumental repertoire arrangements of the famous
Barcarolle of the fourth act have proliferated, as in its vocal form as Belle nuit, ô nuit d'amour (Fair
night, o night of love). Other excerpts heard in operatic recitals include Il était une fois à la cour
d'Eisenach (Once upon a time at the court of Eisenach), Hoffmann's tale of the impish Klein Zach,
Olympia's Les oiseaux dans la charmille (The birds in the garden walk) and Antonia's Elle a fui, la
torterelle (She has flown, the little dove).
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